Example 1: Dandelion
KINGDOM: Plantae Plahn-tay
PHYLUM: Tracheophyta Trake-ee-oh-fighta
CLASS: Angiospermae Ang-ee-oh-sperm-ey
ORDER: Asterales Ahst-er-ahl-ayes
FAMILY: Asteraceae Ahst-er-ack-aye
GENUS: Taraxacum Tare-uh-szack-um
SPECIES: Taraxacum officinale Tare-uh-szack-um of-fish-in-ally
:) if that helps remember them.
Example 2: Humans!! Yees!
KINGDOM: Animalia
PHYLUM: Chordata
CLASS: Mammalia
ORDER: Prima
FAMILY: Hominidae
GENUS: Homo
SPECIES: Homo sapiens
remember: kingdom.. phylum... class... order... family... genus... species
Tuesday, September 28, 2010
5.5.4 Distinguish between following animal phyla, using simple external recognition features
PORIFERA = sponges
- simple body
- most primitive of all animals
- live in water
- don't move
- no mouth, just holes where water comes in
- filter water for food and pump it out with even larger holes
CNIDARIA = jellyfish and sea anemones
- stinging cells
- symmetrical
- hollow space in center of body
- one opening to cavity
- often have tentacles around opening
PLATYHELMINTHES = flatworms, ewwww it has a disgusting head
- soft flat body
- definite head region
- bilaterial symmetry
- hollow space in center of body
- one opening to cavity
- live in water or damp environment
- can be free-living, but often parasitic
ANNELIDA = worms and leeches, e.g. earthworm
- bodies of ring-like segments
- mouth and anus
- live in water/moist earth
- free living or parasitic
- no legs
- bristles from body which help them move
MOLLUSCA = snails, squids, clams, slugs
- soft bodies
- unsegmented bodies
- might have a shell
ARTHROPODA = athropod = animals with jointed legs, like ladybird beetle
- exoskeleton (made of chitin)
- segmented body
- appendages to each segment
- at least 3 pairs of jointed legs
- many free-living but some parasitic
- simple body
- most primitive of all animals
- live in water
- don't move
- no mouth, just holes where water comes in
- filter water for food and pump it out with even larger holes
CNIDARIA = jellyfish and sea anemones
- stinging cells
- symmetrical
- hollow space in center of body
- one opening to cavity
- often have tentacles around opening
PLATYHELMINTHES = flatworms, ewwww it has a disgusting head
- soft flat body
- definite head region
- bilaterial symmetry
- hollow space in center of body
- one opening to cavity
- live in water or damp environment
- can be free-living, but often parasitic
ANNELIDA = worms and leeches, e.g. earthworm
- bodies of ring-like segments
- mouth and anus
- live in water/moist earth
- free living or parasitic
- no legs
- bristles from body which help them move
MOLLUSCA = snails, squids, clams, slugs
- soft bodies
- unsegmented bodies
- might have a shell
ARTHROPODA = athropod = animals with jointed legs, like ladybird beetle
- exoskeleton (made of chitin)
- segmented body
- appendages to each segment
- at least 3 pairs of jointed legs
- many free-living but some parasitic
5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, with simple external recognition features
BRYOPHYTA = mosses and liverworts
- small
- dont actually have roots, stems or leaves, but what they do have looks similar
- their leaf-like structures are often arranged in a spiral
- live in clusters
- act like sponges holding water
FILICINOPHYTA = ferns
- have leaves
- new leaves unroll ... whoosh
- underground creeping stem
CONIFEROPHYTA = conifer
- woody plants, single wooden trunk, side branches
- leaves are long, thin needles
- leaves are usually dark green
- produce seeds found in cones
ANGIOSPERMOPHYTA = flowering plants
- have flowers, might be small though
- seeds are in ovaries, which become fruit
- leaves usually have blade and stalk, with veins
- small
- dont actually have roots, stems or leaves, but what they do have looks similar
- their leaf-like structures are often arranged in a spiral
- live in clusters
- act like sponges holding water
FILICINOPHYTA = ferns
- have leaves
- new leaves unroll ... whoosh
- underground creeping stem
CONIFEROPHYTA = conifer
- woody plants, single wooden trunk, side branches
- leaves are long, thin needles
- leaves are usually dark green
- produce seeds found in cones
ANGIOSPERMOPHYTA = flowering plants
- have flowers, might be small though
- seeds are in ovaries, which become fruit
- leaves usually have blade and stalk, with veins
5.4.1 Define evolution
Evolution: the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population
Necessary elements for evolution to happen:
1. something needs to be able to variate, within individuals of a species.
2. there has to be a change in the frequency of genes in the gene pool of a population
What can variate? For example, mutation in genes. Or crossing over when homologous chromosomes pair up. Or independent assortment, at the point of cell meoisis when homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell and line up.
Then evolution can happen.
Necessary elements for evolution to happen:
1. something needs to be able to variate, within individuals of a species.
2. there has to be a change in the frequency of genes in the gene pool of a population
What can variate? For example, mutation in genes. Or crossing over when homologous chromosomes pair up. Or independent assortment, at the point of cell meoisis when homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell and line up.
Then evolution can happen.
5.3.4 List Three Factors that set limits to population increase
These factors are limiting factors!
Limiting factors control a process such as population growth. Some examples are
- how much food is available (this really limits how many top predators can live in an area, since they have such scandalous energy intake)
- if there is disease
- amount of predation (predators kill a lot of animals, preventing explosions in population)
- available nesting sites
But those are for animals... what about plants?
- how much light is available?
- whats the temperature?
- how much carbon dioxide?
- how much water?
Limiting factors control a process such as population growth. Some examples are
- how much food is available (this really limits how many top predators can live in an area, since they have such scandalous energy intake)
- if there is disease
- amount of predation (predators kill a lot of animals, preventing explosions in population)
- available nesting sites
But those are for animals... what about plants?
- how much light is available?
- whats the temperature?
- how much carbon dioxide?
- how much water?
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